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Ethnocultural politics in the United States
Ethnocultural politics in the United States (or ethnoreligious politics) refers to the pattern of certain ethnocultural or religious groups to vote heavily for one party. Groups can be based on ethnicity (such as Hispanics, Irish, Germans), race ( blacks, Chinese Americans) or religion (Catholic or Protestant, etc.) or on overlapping categories (Irish Catholics).
==Second great awakening: 1800-1850==
(詳細はchurch polity, American Christians began progressive movements to reform society during this period. Known commonly as antebellum reform, this phenomenon included reforms in temperance, women's rights, abolitionism, and a multitude of other questions faced by society.〔Alice Felt Tyler, ''Freedom's Ferment: Phases of American Social History from the Colonial Period to the Outbreak of the Civil War'' (1944)〕
The religious enthusiasm of the Second Great Awakening was echoed by the new political enthusiasm of the Second Party System.〔Stephen Meardon, "From Religious Revivals to Tariff Rancor: Preaching Free Trade and Protection during the Second American Party System," ''History of Political Economy,'' Winter 2008 Supplement, Vol. 40, pp 265-298〕 More active participation in politics by more segments of the population brought religious and moral issues into the political sphere. The spirit of evangelical humanitarian reforms was carried on in the antebellum Whig party.〔Daniel Walker Howe, "The Evangelical Movement and Political Culture in the North During the Second Party System," ''Journal of American History'' (1991) 77#4 pp: 1216-1239.〕〔Daniel Walker Howe, ''What hath God wrought: the transformation of America, 1815-1848'' (2007).〕
Historians stress the understanding common among participants of reform as being a part of God's plan. As a result, local churches saw their roles in society in purifying the world through the individuals to whom they could bring salvation, and through changes in the law and the creation of institutions. Interest in transforming the world was applied to mainstream political action, as temperance activists, antislavery advocates, and proponents of other variations of reform sought to implement their beliefs into national politics. While Protestant religion had previously played an important role on the American political scene, the Second Great Awakening strengthened the role it would play.〔Richard Carwardine, ''Evangelicals and politics in antebellum America'' (1993).〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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